Transforming Urban spaces for the Future: The Multi-Campus Evolution of the Basque Country Technology Park in Bilbao

Global economic transformation demands innovation-driven urban development. This study examines the evolution from traditional exurban science parks to integrated urban innovation districts, focusing on the Bilbao Innovation District.  

The Basque Country Technology Park exemplifies a multi-campus approach where exurban technology parks and urban innovation districts function as interconnected "sites" within a broader ecosystem. This evolution, rather than a linear transition, combines urban and exurban campuses to enhance collaboration, knowledge exchange, and economic competitiveness.   

The transformation of Zorrotzaurre, Bilbao's former industrial peninsula, into a dynamic innovation hub illustrates this model. Key findings reveal that clear governance, adaptable infrastructure, and integrated ecosystems are essential for successful multi-campus models. This approach blends urban vibrancy with research-driven institutions, offering diverse environments for companies and stakeholders while creating governance and management challenges.  

The study contributes valuable lessons for cities seeking to repurpose urban and exurban spaces into high-impact innovation networks.