Fostering regional entrepreneurial ecosystem development: the role of science and technology park networks

Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are recognized as key drivers of regional de­velopment, although their relationship with regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) remains underexplored, particularly in terms of longitudinal and comparative analyses. This study addresses these gaps by examining how participation in a global STP net­work impacts regional EE development. Using a longitudinal dataset on STPs’ entry and exit dynamics in the International Association of Science and Technology Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP) across multiple European regions, we analyse the effects of joining a global STP network on key EE dimensions. To do so, we apply a non-parametric generalization of the difference-in-differences estimator for time-series cross-sectional data. The results reveal that joining IASP strengthens the intermediary dimension of regional EEs where parks are located, facilitating talent attraction and enhancing cross-regional knowledge spillovers. These effects are both immediate and context-dependent, with more pronounced impacts observed in regions with lower GDP per capita and outside the European Union. Theoretically, the study advances the STP literature by adopting a dynamic, macro-regional perspective, extending micro-level findings and linking STPs’ increased R&D efficiency to international collabora­tion. Additionally, it bridges STP and EE literatures, emphasizing the role of STPs as catalysts of regional EE development. Practically, our findings provide insights for policymakers and STP managers, highlighting the importance of supporting not only the creation of STPs but also their participation in global networks to foster innova­tion, especially in regions with fragmented or underdeveloped policy frameworks.