Shift from TRL to BRL: learned lessons from two decades experience of university of Tehran science and technology park (UTSTP)

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are vital for innovation and growth. This study examines their key components, actors, evaluation tools, and the University of Tehran Science and Technology Park’s experiences to uncover commercialization challenges and solutions. Using document analysis, it identifies strengths, weaknesses, and global best practices to enhance idea-to-product conversion.  

Rooted in theories like Schumpeter’s creative destruction and Porter’s cluster model, the ecosystem involves actors such as human capital, government, markets, and technology parks. Tools like TRL and BRL help assess progress, yet focusing solely on technology hinders success. Despite support, the park faces barriers due to limited business skills and overuse of TRL.  

The study recommends combining TRL and BRL, offering certified training, and improving customer engagement to foster balanced technical and commercial development.