The Evolution of University Science and Technology Parks and The Role of Triple Helix Actors: The Case of Bandung Techno Park

Entrepreneurial universities play a pivotal role in regional economic development through the commercialization of research outcomes, a process largely dependent on the strength of their Entrepreneurship Ecosystems (EEs). This case study of Bandung Techno Park (BTP) in Indonesia employs the Triple Helix model of university-industry-government collaboration to analyze: (a) the stages of park development; (b) the roles of Triple Helix actors at each stage; and (c) the mechanisms of technology development. Findings reveal that in the embryonic phase, universities and government played dominant roles, while industry engagement was minimal. In the scaling phase, universities and industry assumed more prominent roles, with government support declining. The technology development mechanism shifted from a technology-push model in the early phase to a combination of technology-push and demand-pull approaches in the scaling phase. The study concludes with a conceptual model for park development and a set of actionable recommendations.